定量组织速度成像技术评价左室肥厚大白兔左室舒张功能

目的探讨定量组织速度成像技术评价大白兔左室肥厚模型左室舒张功能的可行性.方法 40只大白兔分别给予假手术、主动脉缩窄和主动脉缩窄 血管紧张素受体拮抗剂干预,于术后4周和8周应用传统的超声心动图方法和定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术检测不同处理家兔的心脏,测量常用心功能参数,于心尖四腔切面记录二尖瓣口血流频谱,记录心尖四腔切面的定量组织速度成像图像,脱机分析左室侧壁所对应的二尖瓣瓣环处的舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)和左房收缩期峰值速度(Va),并计算Ve/Va.结果左室肥厚组实验8周时,室壁增厚,左室舒张末内径增大,左室心肌重量增加,与假手术组同期和本组4周相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05).伊贝沙坦组实验8周时左室心肌重量与左室肥厚组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).左室肥厚组Ve/Va与假手术组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).伊贝沙坦组Ve/Va与左室肥厚组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),与假手术组比较无差异.结论定量组织速度成像技术能够定量评价大白兔左室舒张功能,比传统方法提供更多的信息.     

网上三维虚拟史馆模拟系统研究

以Visual C++for Windows为编程工具,设计和开发"网上三维虚拟史馆模拟系统",系统可以在没有实际存在的史馆条件下自动生成包含框架网页、VRML/X3D格式三维场景以及JavaScript程序的网上三维虚拟史馆,已经在某个建设单位得到初步验证与应用.     

一种补偿因子区域不变的CS成像算法

为提高星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像的实时性,减小补偿因子的运算量,提出了一种补偿因子区域不变的Chirp Scaling（CS）成像算法. 这种改进的CS算法根据补偿因子的相位误差确定一个更新步长,在每个步长内更新一次补偿因子,即相邻单元内的数据与相同的补偿因子相乘. 利用这种改进的CS算法对点阵目标和实测目标进行了仿真验证,得到的SAR图像质量与传统CS算法的结果相差很小. 这种补偿因子区域不变的CS成像算法在满足精度的前提下使得补偿因子的运算量成倍减小,大大减小了实时成像的压力,能够有效降低星上实时处理系统的规模,从而降低系统功耗.      

Assessment of alternated cooling and heating treatment by US combined CEUS in the VX2 rabbit liver tumor model

Inoperable liver tumors are often treated by thermal ablation that destroys the tumor in situ and spares the adjacent hepatic tissue.Thermal–physical treatment has many advantages,but treatment by freezing or heating alone has some limitations.By taking the advantages and disadvantages of cryosurgery and thermotherapy into consideration,a new thermal technique that combines cryosurgery and radio frequency ablation has been proposed,thereby overcoming the disadvantages of each treatment strategy and improving therapeutic outcomes.This new approach remains to be systematically studied in the liver;therefore,this study was performed to estimate survival after alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy in a VX2 rabbit liver tumor model.Sixteen days after VX2 carcinoma implantation into the rabbit liver,tumors were treated with alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy.Rabbits were monitored for 6 months after treatment and assessed with ultrasound(US)and computed tomography at 1,7,14,and 30 days posttreatment.Untreated tumor-bearing animals served as the control group.Our results show that alternate freezing and heating ablation therapy resulted in a good recovery of VX2 rabbits.Compared with the control group,treated rabbits lived significantly longer(P\0.05),with 70%of treated animals surviving to 196 days posttreatment without metastasis or recurrence,while none of the controls did so.There was no local recurrence in the treatment group.All rabbits in the control group developed metastasis,while metastasis was only observed in 30% of treated rabbits.These results suggest that alternate cooling and heating ablation therapy can prolong the survival time of rabbits with VX2 liver tumors and is an effective method for tumor therapy.Furthermore,we also showed in this model that contrast enhanced US is a valid follow-up approach to assess treatment effectiveness.     

Big data analysis of the human brain’s functional interactions based on fMRI

The human brain is a huge, complex system generating brain activity. The exploration of human brain function using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a promising method to understand brain activity. However, the complexity of the big data generated by fMRI facilitates the analysis of various levels of human brain activity, such as the distribution of neural represen- tations, the interaction between different regions, and the dynamic interaction over time. These different levels can depict distinct prospects of the human brain activity, and considerable progress has been achieved. In the future, more big data analysis methods combining advances in computer science, including larger-scale computing, machine learning, and graph theory, will promote the understanding of the human brain.     

Factors affecting the voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging

Diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） provides a unique method to reveal the integrity of white matter microstructure noninvasively. Voxel-based analysis （VBA）, which is a highly reproducible and user-independent tech- nique, has been used to analyze DTI data in a number of studies. Fractional anisotropy （FA）, which is derived from DTI, is the most frequently used parameter. The parameter setting during the DTI data preprocessing might affect the FA analysis results. However, there is no reliable evidence on how the parameters affect the results of FA analysis. This study sought to quantitatively investigate the factors that might affect the voxel-based analysis of FA; these include the interpolation during spatial normalization, smoothing kernel and statistical threshold. Because it is difficult to obtain the true information of the lesion in the patients, we simulated lesions on the healthy FA maps. The DTI data were obtained from 20 healthy subjects. The FA maps were calculated using DTIStudio. We randomly divided these FA maps into two groups. One was used as a model patient group, and the other was used as a normal control group. Simulated lesions were added to the model patient group by decreasing the FA intensities in a specified region by 5 %- 50 %. The model patient group and the normal control groupwere compared by two-sample t test statistic analysis voxel- by-voxel to detect the simulated lesions. We evaluated these factors by comparing the difference between the detected lesion through VBA and the simulated lesion. The result showed that the space normalization of FA image should use the trilinear interpolation, and the smoothing kernel should be 2-3 times the voxel size of spatially normalized FA image. For lesions with small intensity change, FWE correction must be cautiously used. This study provided an important reference to the analysis of FA with VBA method.     

橙色粘球菌四型菌毛膜复合物的发现

细菌四型菌毛(T4P)不仅在生物膜形成、DNA吸收和侵染致病等生物过程中发挥着重要的作用,同样也能够介导固体界面的滑动运动。尽管T4P具有非常重要的作用,但橙色粘球菌T4P系统中蛋白间组装机制的研究仍处于初级阶段。T4P系统pil N/O/P/Q单基因的敲除与回补实验显示敲除菌株导致橙色粘球菌群体运动完全丧失,而pil N/O/P/Q相应基因回补则恢复突变株群体运动。Pil N/O/P/Q蛋白通过酵母双杂交(Y2H)检测蛋白间的相互作用发现,定位于周质空间的Pil P不仅与外膜蛋白Pil Q的C末端相互作用,也与内膜蛋白Pil O相互作用。遗传学与酵母双杂实验结果显示着Pil P蛋白是联通内外膜的桥梁,暗示着Pil N/O/P/Q蛋白形成跨越内膜、细胞周质和外膜的整合复合物结构,并在菌毛延伸和收缩过程中发挥着重要的作用,为阐明橙色粘球菌菌毛的延伸与收缩的分子机制奠定坚实基础。     

喷油策略对直喷汽油机快速起动的影响

运用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)手段,对一款缸内直喷汽油机快速起动工况中的二次喷油策略进行分析研究.结果表明:过早的初次喷油会在活塞表面形成大量的油膜,导致燃油蒸发量过少,使得缸内混合气过稀,无法满足点火要求;第一次喷油越迟,滞留在排气门坑处的浓混合气越多,导致未燃碳氢排放增加,常温初次喷油时刻应设定在270°CA(曲轴转角)~240°CA BTDC(上止点前)范围内;相较于第一次喷油,在压缩过程中的第二次喷油对壁面油膜的影响较小,早于90°CA BTDC的喷油会导致液滴与缸套发生较多的碰撞;根据仿真结果,常温冷机起动的第二次喷油时刻应当设定在90°CA BTDC之后.     

拟南芥AtDWD与RCAR1相互作用的初步研究

采用pull down和酵母共转化的方法研究了AtDWD与RCAR1之间的相互作用.体外pull down试验得出AtDWD与RCAR1之间存在明显的相互作用;酵母共转化试验显示AtDWD的截断区域中只有WD45和WD345转化子可以在SD四缺培养基平板上长出正常的酵母菌落.实验结果表明,AtDWD C端的145~350位氨基酸序列中含有与RCAR1相互作用的功能域.     

时域光学拓扑成像方法的模拟和实验研究

针对现有的以修正的朗伯-比尔定律(modified Lambert-Beer law,MLBL)为理论模型的光学拓扑方法存在量化度不准确的问题,提出了一种基于最小二乘拟合算法的时域光学拓扑成像方法.该方法利用时域扩散方程在半无限空间条件下的解析解和测量曲线实现最佳匹配以计算相邻的源点与探测点之间的待测组织吸收系数变化值.对该时域光学拓扑成像方法进行了一系列的模拟验证,并以基于时间相关单光子计数(time-correlated single photon counting,TCSPC)技术的多通道时间分辨测量系统为平台进行了实验验证.结果表明:所提出的最小二乘拟合算法总体上优于传统的基于经验值光程的MLBL方法.